Mortgage math · Start here

Mortgage math basics

Every guide on Cash-Out Calculator in reading order, with the calculators, the loan finder and the key terms in one place.

  • Reading time3 min
  • Official sources8 cited
  • Updated

5 guides, read top to bottom, take you from Cash-Out Refinance Calculator and Guide to Interpreting Your Cash-Out Calculator Results.

Read in this order

  1. Estimate how much equity a cash-out refinance could make available using your own value, balance and limit, and compare it with a HELOC.

    • Lenders cap the new loan at a maximum loan-to-value (LTV) set by the program.
    • Consolidating unsecured debt into a mortgage can lower monthly costs, but it converts that debt into debt secured by your home and stretches it over many years.
  2. A balanced look at using home equity to pay off other debts.

    • Mortgage debt usually costs less than credit cards, and one payment can be easier to manage.
    • Compare total interest on each option over the time you expect to repay.
  3. How maximum loan-to-value works by program and how it limits the cash you can take.

    • Maximum loan equals appraised value times the program's maximum loan-to-value.
    • Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac generally cap cash-out on a one-unit primary residence at 80 percent loan-to-value, with lower limits for multi-unit homes and second homes.
  4. How to evaluate using home equity to pay off other debts, including total cost and risk.

    • Credit cards and personal loans are usually unsecured.
    • A longer term can lower the monthly payment but increase total interest paid on the consolidated debt.
  5. How to read cash-out estimates, what the calculator leaves out, and the questions to ask a lender next.

    • The calculator multiplies your home value by the maximum loan-to-value limit you enter.
    • Your payoff amount is usually higher than the balance on your statement because it includes interest through the payoff date and any fees.

Run your own numbers

5 calculators on this site, all blank until you type:

Check which programs fit

The loan finder asks six questions and points you to the programs worth reading about, with a side-by-side comparison table. It is education, not an eligibility decision.

Talk to lenders

When you are ready to compare offers, print the questions to ask a lender worksheet and fill in one column per lender.

Terms you will meet in these guides

  • Cash-out refinancefirst in Debt Consolidation With Home Equity: Pros and Cons
  • Principalfirst in Debt Consolidation With Home Equity: Pros and Cons
  • Loan-to-value (LTV)first in Loan-to-Value Limits on Cash-Out Refinances
  • Loan Estimatefirst in Loan-to-Value Limits on Cash-Out Refinances
  • Appraisalfirst in Interpreting Your Cash-Out Calculator Results
  • Servicerfirst in Interpreting Your Cash-Out Calculator Results
  • HELOCfirst in Cash-Out Refinance Calculator and Guide

Everything here is general education. Program rules change; confirm current requirements with the official sources below and with a licensed lender.

Sources

Sources reviewed . This page was assembled from the guides on this site.